Deep water culture (DWC) keeps roots submerged in aerated nutrient solution. Nutrient film technique (NFT) runs a thin film of solution along sloped channels past the roots. Both are active systems, but they manage oxygen and water differently.
DWC
Roots hang in a reservoir of solution, and an air pump with an air stone keeps the water oxygenated. It is simple, but the reservoir and pump need regular checks.
NFT
A pump moves solution along channels, and the roots sit in the flowing film with their tips exposed to air. It needs a steady flow, so a pump failure can dry roots quickly.
Which to Choose
DWC suits beginners and larger plants that can sit in a tub. NFT suits people who want a compact, continuous layout and can monitor the pump closely.
Related guide: Systems.
